What is the general solution for cos^4(x)-2cos^2(x)+1=0 ?

The general solution for cos^4(x)-2cos^2(x)+1=0 is x=2pin,x=pi+2pin

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cos^4(x)-2cos^2(x)+1=0

Solution

cos^{4} (x) - 2 cos^{2} (x) + 1 = 0

Solution

x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

Degrees

x = 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 18 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

cos^{4} (x) - 2 cos^{2} (x) + 1 = 0

Solve by substitution

cos^{4} (x) - 2 cos^{2} (x) + 1 = 0

Let:

cos (x) = u

u^{4} - 2 u^{2} + 1 = 0

u^{4} - 2 u^{2} + 1 = 0 : u = 1, u = - 1

u^{4} - 2 u^{2} + 1 = 0

Rewrite the equation with

v = u^{2}

and

v^{2} = u^{4}

v^{2} - 2 v + 1 = 0

Solve

v^{2} - 2 v + 1 = 0 : v = 1

v^{2} - 2 v + 1 = 0

Solve with the quadratic formula

v^{2} - 2 v + 1 = 0

Quadratic Equation Formula:

For

a = 1, b = - 2, c = 1

v_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) \pm ( - 2 ) ^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 1}

v_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) \pm ( - 2 ) ^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 1}

(- 2)^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = 0

(- 2)^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1

Apply exponent rule:

(- a)^{n} = a^{n},

n

is even

(- 2)^{2} = 2^{2}

= 2^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1

Multiply the numbers:

4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = 4

= 2^{2} - 4

2^{2} = 4

= 4 - 4

Subtract the numbers:

4 - 4 = 0

= 0

v_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) \pm 0}{2 \cdot 1}

v = \frac{- ( - 2 )}{2 \cdot 1}

\frac{- ( - 2 )}{2 \cdot 1} = 1

\frac{- ( - 2 )}{2 \cdot 1}

Apply rule

- (- a) = a

= \frac{2}{2 \cdot 1}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= \frac{2}{2}

Apply rule

\frac{a}{a} = 1

= 1

v = 1

The solution to the quadratic equation is:

v = 1

v = 1

Substitute back

v = u^{2},

solve for

u

Solve

u^{2} = 1 : u = 1, u = - 1

u^{2} = 1

For

x^{2} = f (a)

the solutions are

x = f (a), - f (a)

u = 1, u = - 1

1 = 1

1

Apply rule

1 = 1

= 1

- 1 = - 1

- 1

Apply rule

1 = 1

= - 1

u = 1, u = - 1

The solutions are

u = 1, u = - 1

Substitute back

u = cos (x)

cos (x) = 1, cos (x) = - 1

cos (x) = 1, cos (x) = - 1

cos (x) = 1 : x = 2 πn

cos (x) = 1

General solutions for

cos (x) = 1

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = 0 + 2 πn

x = 0 + 2 πn

Solve

x = 0 + 2 πn : x = 2 πn

x = 0 + 2 πn

0 + 2 πn = 2 πn

x = 2 πn

x = 2 πn

cos (x) = - 1 : x = π + 2 πn

cos (x) = - 1

General solutions for

cos (x) = - 1

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = π + 2 πn

x = π + 2 πn

Combine all the solutions

x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the general solution for cos^4(x)-2cos^2(x)+1=0 ?
The general solution for cos^4(x)-2cos^2(x)+1=0 is x=2pin,x=pi+2pin