What is the general solution for 2sin^2(x)+sin^3(x)-1=0 ?

The general solution for 2sin^2(x)+sin^3(x)-1=0 is x=(3pi)/2+2pin,x=0.66623…+2pin,x=pi-0.66623…+2pin

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2sin^2(x)+sin^3(x)-1=0

Solution

2 sin^{2} (x) + sin^{3} (x) - 1 = 0

Solution

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = 0.66623 \dots + 2 πn, x = π - 0.66623 \dots + 2 πn

Degrees

x = 27 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 38.17270 \dots^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 141.82729 \dots^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

2 sin^{2} (x) + sin^{3} (x) - 1 = 0

Solve by substitution

2 sin^{2} (x) + sin^{3} (x) - 1 = 0

Let:

sin (x) = u

2 u^{2} + u^{3} - 1 = 0

2 u^{2} + u^{3} - 1 = 0 : u = - 1, u = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}, u = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

2 u^{2} + u^{3} - 1 = 0

Write in the standard form

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 1 = 0

Factor

u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 1 : (u + 1) (u^{2} + u - 1)

u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 1

Use the rational root theorem

a_{0} = 1, a_{n} = 1

The dividers of

a_{0} : 1,

The dividers of

a_{n} : 1

Therefore, check the following rational numbers:

\pm \frac{1}{1}

- \frac{1}{1}

is a root of the expression, so factor out

u + 1

= (u + 1) \frac{u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1}

\frac{u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} = u^{2} + u - 1

\frac{u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1}

Divide

\frac{u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} : \frac{u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} = u^{2} + \frac{u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1}

Divide the leading coefficients of the numerator

u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 1

and the divisor

u + 1 : \frac{u ^{3}}{u} = u^{2}

Quotient = u^{2}

Multiply

u + 1

u^{2} : u^{3} + u^{2}

Subtract

u^{3} + u^{2}

from

u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 1

to get new remainder

Remainder = u^{2} - 1

Therefore

\frac{u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} = u^{2} + \frac{u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1}

= u^{2} + \frac{u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1}

Divide

\frac{u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} : \frac{u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} = u + \frac{- u - 1}{u + 1}

Divide the leading coefficients of the numerator

u^{2} - 1

and the divisor

u + 1 : \frac{u ^{2}}{u} = u

Quotient = u

Multiply

u + 1

u : u^{2} + u

Subtract

u^{2} + u

from

u^{2} - 1

to get new remainder

Remainder = - u - 1

Therefore

\frac{u ^{2} - 1}{u + 1} = u + \frac{- u - 1}{u + 1}

= u^{2} + u + \frac{- u - 1}{u + 1}

Divide

\frac{- u - 1}{u + 1} : \frac{- u - 1}{u + 1} = - 1

Divide the leading coefficients of the numerator

- u - 1

and the divisor

u + 1 : \frac{- u}{u} = - 1

Quotient = - 1

Multiply

u + 1

- 1 : - u - 1

Subtract

- u - 1

from

- u - 1

to get new remainder

Remainder = 0

Therefore

\frac{- u - 1}{u + 1} = - 1

= u^{2} + u - 1

= (u + 1) (u^{2} + u - 1)

(u + 1) (u^{2} + u - 1) = 0

Using the Zero Factor Principle:

ab = 0

then

a = 0

b = 0

u + 1 = 0 or u^{2} + u - 1 = 0

Solve

u + 1 = 0 : u = - 1

u + 1 = 0

Move

1

to the right side

u + 1 = 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

u + 1 - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplify

u = - 1

u = - 1

Solve

u^{2} + u - 1 = 0 : u = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}, u = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

u^{2} + u - 1 = 0

Solve with the quadratic formula

u^{2} + u - 1 = 0

Quadratic Equation Formula:

For

a = 1, b = 1, c = - 1

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- 1 \pm 1 ^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot ( - 1 )}{2 \cdot 1}

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- 1 \pm 1 ^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot ( - 1 )}{2 \cdot 1}

1^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (- 1) = 5

1^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (- 1)

Apply rule

1^{a} = 1

1^{2} = 1

= 1 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (- 1)

Apply rule

- (- a) = a

= 1 + 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1

Multiply the numbers:

4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = 4

= 1 + 4

Add the numbers:

1 + 4 = 5

= 5

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- 1 \pm 5}{2 \cdot 1}

Separate the solutions

u_{1} = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2 \cdot 1}, u_{2} = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2 \cdot 1}

u = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2 \cdot 1} : \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}

\frac{- 1 + 5}{2 \cdot 1}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}

u = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2 \cdot 1} : \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

\frac{- 1 - 5}{2 \cdot 1}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

The solutions to the quadratic equation are:

u = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}, u = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

The solutions are

u = - 1, u = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}, u = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

Substitute back

u = sin (x)

sin (x) = - 1, sin (x) = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}, sin (x) = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

sin (x) = - 1, sin (x) = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}, sin (x) = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

sin (x) = - 1 : x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = - 1

General solutions for

sin (x) = - 1

sin (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} sin (x) 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} sin (x) 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2} : x = arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn

sin (x) = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}

Apply trig inverse properties

sin (x) = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}

General solutions for

sin (x) = \frac{- 1 + 5}{2}

sin (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arcsin (a) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (a) + 2 πn

x = arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn

x = arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn

sin (x) = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2} :

No Solution

sin (x) = \frac{- 1 - 5}{2}

- 1 \leq sin (x) \leq 1

No Solution

Combine all the solutions

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (\frac{- 1 + 5}{2}) + 2 πn

Show solutions in decimal form

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = 0.66623 \dots + 2 πn, x = π - 0.66623 \dots + 2 πn

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the general solution for 2sin^2(x)+sin^3(x)-1=0 ?
The general solution for 2sin^2(x)+sin^3(x)-1=0 is x=(3pi)/2+2pin,x=0.66623…+2pin,x=pi-0.66623…+2pin