What is the integral of sqrt(x^2-4) ?

The integral of sqrt(x^2-4) is 4(1/8 xsqrt(x^2-4)-1/2 ln((|x+sqrt(x^2-4)|)/2))+C

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integral of sqrt(x^2-4)

\int x^{2} - 4 d x

4 (\frac{1}{8} x x^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 4}{2})) + C

Solution steps

\int x^{2} - 4 d x

Apply Trigonometric Substitution

: \int 4 tan^{2} (u) sec (u) d u

= \int 4 tan^{2} (u) sec (u) d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 4 \cdot \int tan^{2} (u) sec (u) d u

Rewrite using trig identities

= 4 \cdot \int (- 1 + sec^{2} (u)) sec (u) d u

Expand

(- 1 + sec^{2} (u)) sec (u) : - sec (u) + sec^{3} (u)

= 4 \cdot \int - sec (u) + sec^{3} (u) d u

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= 4 (- \int sec (u) d u + \int sec^{3} (u) d u)

\int sec (u) d u = ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣

\int sec^{3} (u) d u = \frac{1}{2} sec (u) tan (u) + \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣

= 4 (- ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣ + \frac{1}{2} sec (u) tan (u) + \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣)

Substitute back

u = arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)

= 4 (- ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + \frac{1}{2} sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + \frac{1}{2} ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)))

Simplify

4 (- ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + \frac{1}{2} sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + \frac{1}{2} ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} x))) : 4 (\frac{1}{8} x x^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 4}{2}))

= 4 (\frac{1}{8} x x^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 4}{2}))

Add a constant to the solution

= 4 (\frac{1}{8} x x^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 4}{2})) + C

\int_{3}^{5} 3 t^{\frac{1}{2}} + 4 d t

4 x^{4} - \frac{1}{4 x ^{4}}

\frac{\partial}{\partial x} (\frac{- 9 x - 7 y}{( 5 x + 3 y )})

\int \frac{1}{9 x ^{2} - 16} d x

\frac{\partial}{\partial y} (z arctan (\frac{y}{x}))

What is the integral of sqrt(x^2-4) ?
The integral of sqrt(x^2-4) is 4(1/8 xsqrt(x^2-4)-1/2 ln((|x+sqrt(x^2-4)|)/2))+C